Students’ Experience in Modular Learning and Motivation to Achieve Academically: The Mediating Effect of Pedagogical Content Knowledge of Teachers


1Chenel C. Borres, 2Cornelio Jr. R. Monteroso
1Student, Professional Schools, University of Mindanao, Philippines
2Professor, UM Peñaplata College, Philippines
DOI : https://doi.org/10.58806/ijirme.2024.v3i11n02

Abstract

This study investigated the mediating role of perceived pedagogical content knowledge of teachers on the relationship between students' experiences in modular learning and their motivation to succeed academically. The study was conducted using a quantitative study design with 300 junior and senior high school students selected using stratified sampling technique in the Island Garden City of Samal. Data was gathered using three sets of modified standardized survey questionnaires. Tests on the content validity and reliability of these instruments were conducted. The Mean, Pearson r Correlation Coefficient, and Path Analysis were used to analyze the data. The findings demonstrated high levels of motivation to achieve academically, very high level of pedagogical content knowledge, and high level of modular learning experience. The association between students' experience in modular learning and motivation to achieve academically, motivation to achieve academically and pedagogical content knowledge and students' experience in modular learning and pedagogical content knowledge were all statistically significant. Additionally, the current study demonstrated a partial mediation of pedagogical content knowledge on the relationship between students' experience in modular learning and motivation to achieve academically.

Keywords:

education, pedagogical content knowledge content, modular learning of students, academic motivation, Mediation, Philippines

References:

1) Al Mamun, M. A., & Lawrie, G. (2023). Student-content interactions: Exploringbehavioural engagement with self-regulated inquiry-based online learning modules. Smart Learning Environments, 10(1), 1.

2) Bansilal, S., & Naidoo, V. (2019). The relationship between pedagogical content knowledge and teaching strategies in mathematics. South African Journal of Childhood Education, 9(1), 1-9.

3) Baticulon, R. E., Sy, J. J., Alberto, N. R. I., Baron, M. B. C., Mabulay, R. E. C., Rizada, L. G. T., Tiu, C. J. S., Clarion, C. A., & Reyes, J. C. B. (2021). Barriers to online learning in the time of COVID-19: A national survey of medical students in the Philippines.Medical Science Educator, 31, 615–626. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40670-021-01231-z

4) Benjamin, A. (2023). Studying the student’s perceptions of engagement and problem-solving skills for academic achievement chemistry at the higher secondary level. Education and Information Technologies, 1-22.

5) Berestova, A., Burdina, G., Lobuteva, L., & Lobuteva, A. (2022). Academic Motivation of University Students and the Factors that Influence It in an E-Learning Environment. Electronic Journal of e-Learning, 20(2), 201-210.

6) Bernardo, A. B. I., Mendoza, M. A., & Senajon, R. V. (2022). Modular learning in Philippine basic education: Teachers’ experiences and challenges. Philippine Educational Review, 9(1), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1177/23456789221156931 Betlen, E. A. (2021). Effect of modular learning approach on the academic achievement of students. Global Scientific Journals, 2995-3004.

7) Brown, A., & Lee, J. (2024). Motivation and achievement in modern classrooms. Academic Press.

8) Burroughs, N., Gardner, J., Lee, Y., Guo, S., Touitou, I., Jansen, K. & Schmidt, W. (2019). A review of the literature on teacher effectiveness and student outcomes. Teaching for excellence and equity: Analyzing teacher characteristics, behaviors and student outcomes with TIMSS, 7-17.

9) Cao, J., Chen, L., & Liu, S. (2024). Enhancing pedagogical content knowledge through modular learning experiences: A study of teacher development. Journal of Education and Learning, 13(2), 45-58. https://doi.org/10.5539/jel.v13n2p45

10) Deci, E.L. (2020). Motivation and education: The self-determination perspective. In D. Stipek & D. Phillips (Eds.), Motivation and academic achievement: Contemporary issues and perspectives (4th ed., pp. 57-70). Routledge.

11) Fukaya, T., Fukuda, M., & Suzuki, M. (2024). Relationship between Mathematical Pedagogical Content Knowledge, Beliefs, and Motivation of Elementary School Teachers. In Frontiers in Education (Vol. 8, p. 1276439). Frontiers.

12) Gómez-Trigueros, I. M., Ruiz-Bañuls, M., Esteve-Faubel, J. M., & Mareque León, F. (2022). Teacher motivation: Exploring the integration of technology and didactics in the narratives of future teachers. Education Sciences, 12(9), 592. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci12090592

13) Halim, L., Meerah, T. S. M., Zakaria, E., Abdullah, S. I. S. S., & Tambychik, T. (2012). An exploratory factor analysis in developing pedagogical content knowledge scale for teaching science. Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology, 4(19), 3558-3564.

14) Henze, I., & Barendsen, E. (2019). Capturing and developing teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge in sustainable development using content representation and video-based reflection. Research in Science Education, 50(1), 229-247. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11165-018-9710-6

15) Johansen, S. A., Sather, E. M., & Jorgensen, M. (2024). Peer climate matters for academic motivation and student functioning in higher education. International Journal of Applied Positive Psychology, 10(1), 45-59. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41042-023-00127-x

16) Johnson, P. L. (2022). The role of mediators in educational research: Investigating the effects of self-regulation on academic success in online learning. Journal of Educational Psychology, 37(1), 45-62

17) Jones, A. B. (2023). Non-experimental quantitative research design. Journal of Educational Research, 15(2), 120-135.

18) Keller, M. M., Neumann, K., & Fischer, H. E. (2017). The impact of physics teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge and motivation on students’ achievement and interest. Journal of Research in Science teaching, 54(5), 586-614.

19) Lewin, K. (1951). Field theory in social science: Selected theoretical papers. Harper & Row.

20) Lopez, J. P., & Santos, J. P. (2021). The relationship between modular learning experience and academic

21) motivation among higher education students. Education and Information Technologies, 26(2), 1711-1731.

22) Machado-Taylor, M. d. l. P., Da Silva, C. C., & Lopes, A. (2020). The modular education system in Brazil: Analysis of its effects on student learning. Journal of Education and Learning, 9(2), 16-24.

23) Manguiat, C. J., & Cuenca, Z. (2021). Support To Modular Learning Modality And Students’ Achievement In Tle 7: Basis For Curriculum Innovation. In 2nd World Conference on Education, Law, and Technology (WCELT) 02. IOER International Multidisciplinary Research Journal

24) Martinez, P., & Thompson, R. (2024). Stress and motivation: The paradox of high achievers. Educational Review, 58(2), 145-160.

25) Meng, X., & Hu, Z. (2023). The relationship between student motivation and academic performance: The mediating role of online learning behavior. Quality Assurance in Education, 31(1), 167-180. https://doi.org/10.1108/QAE-02-2022-0046

26) Moore, T. C., Maggin, D. M., Thompson, K. M., Gordon, J. R., Daniels, S., & Lang, L. E. (2019). Evidence review for teacher praise to improve students’ classroom behavior. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 21(1), 3-18.

27) Nguyen, T. D., Shih, M. H., Srivastava, D., Tirthapura, S., & Xu, B. (2021). Stratified random sampling from streaming and stored data. Distributed and Parallel Databases, 39, 665-710.

28) Olivier, E., Archambault, I., De Clercq, M., & Galand, B. (2019). Student self-efficacy, classroom engagement, and academic achievement: Comparing three theoretical frameworks. Journal of youth and adolescence, 48, 326-340.

29) Park, D., & Ramirez, G. (2022). Frustration in the classroom: Causes and strategies to help teachers cope productively. Educational Psychology Review, 34(4), 1955-1983.

30) Rajabalee, Y. B., & Santally, M. I. (2021). Learner satisfaction, engagement and performances in an online module: Implications for institutional e-learning policy. Education and Information Technologies, 26(3), 2623-2656.

31) Regoniel, P. (2024, January 14). Modular Learning: 8 effective Online teaching Tips. Research-based Articles. https://simplyeducate.me/2021/06/22/modular-learning/

32) Schellekens, L. H., Kremer, W. D., Van der Schaaf, M. F., Van der Vleuten, C. P., & Bok, H. G. (2023, June). Between theory and practice: educators’ perceptions on assessment quality criteria and its impact on student learning. In Frontiers in Education (Vol. 8, p. 1147213). Frontier

33) Sewell, A. (2023, January 26). Pedagogical content knowledge. Structural Learning. https://www.structural-learning.com/post/pedagogical-content- knowledge.

34) Smith, J. K. (2023). The role of mediators in educational research: Understanding the impact of teachers' pedagogical content knowledge on student motivation. Journal of Educational Research, 45(3), 98-115

35) Smith, K., & Johnson, L. (2024). Intrinsic vs. extrinsic motivation in educational psychology. Learning Horizons Publishing.

36) Sulla, I., & Rollo, M. (2024). Teacher self-efficacy and its role in enhancing pedagogical practices in modular learning environments. BMC Psychology, 12(1), 20-30. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-024-00935-6

37) Steinmayr, R., Weidinger, A. F., & Schwinger, M. (2023). The importance of students’ motivation for their academic achievement – Replicating and extending previous findings. Frontiers in Psychology, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01730

38) Steinmayr, R., Weidinger, A. F., Schwinger, M., & Spinath, B. (2019). The importance of students’ motivation for their academic achievement–replicating and extending previous findings. Frontiers in psychology, 10, 464340. doi:https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.0173

39) Topuz, A. C., & Kinshuk. (2021). A Review of Literature to Understand Student’s Perceptions Regarding Online Assessments. Expanding Global Horizons Through Technology Enhanced Language Learning, 49-72.

40) Vu, T., Magis-Weinberg, L., Jansen, B. R., van Atteveldt, N., Janssen, T. W., Lee, N. C., ... & Meeter, M. (2022). Motivation- achievement cycles in learning: A literature review and research agenda. Educational Psychology Review, 34(1), 39-71