1. Home
  2. Volume 02 Issue 03 March 2023
  3. March 2023

March 2023

To Compare the Effectiveness of Complementary Therapies on Pain Perception to Intra-Oral Needle Insertion in Pediatric Patients – A Randomized Clinical Trial

1Dr Nancy Singh MDS, 2Dr Nagarathna PJ
1Pediatric Dental Practitioner Dental Hub, Lucknow, 261303 Uttar Pradesh, (India).
2MDS (Pediatrics and preventive dentistry) Professor and head of department Chhattisgarh dental college and research institute, Rajnandgaon,491441 Chhattisgarh (India)
DOI : https://doi.org/10.58806/ijirme.2023.v2i3n08

Abstract

Background: Recently, effective control of pain has shifted to other techniques like psychological, complementary, and alternative methods which have gained popularity in the contemporary world. However, the scientific validity of such alternative approaches is often questioned. Objective: To compare the effectiveness of Complementary therapies on pain perception to intraoral needle insertion in paediatric patients. Methodology: A Randomized clinical trial was conducted on 78 children aged 8-12 years visiting the department after obtaining informed consent from parents. Children were divided into 3 groups i.e., Group A- acupressure, Group B –aromatherapy, and Group C- control group. Every child was recalled for 3 appointments and in each appointment, any therapy was performed randomly before giving an inferior alveolar nerve block. Pain perception was evaluated using Wong-Baker Faces Scale and the Sound eye motor scale. The intergroup comparison was statistically analyzed using the ANOVA test and distribution using the chi-square test. Result Synthesis: On intergroup comparison of Wong-Baker and SEM scale between the acupressure and aromatherapy group, a statistically significant difference was seen, whereas when acupressure and aromatherapy were compared with the placebo group highly significant difference was seen (p=0.00). Conclusion: Acupressure and aromatherapy can be used as an adjunct to significantly reduce the pain perception of children undergoing intraoral needle insertion.

Keywords:

Acupressure, Aromatherapy, Pain Perception, intraoral needle insertion

References:

1) Usichenko TI, Wolters P, Anders EF, Splieth C. Acupuncture Reduces Pain and Autonomic Distress During Injection of Local Anesthetic in Children: A Pragmatic Crossover Investigation. The Clinical journal of pain. 2016;32(1):82-86.

2) Milgrom P, Coldwell SE, Getz T, Weinstein P, Ramsay DS. Four dimensions of fear of dental injections. J Am Dent Assoc. 1997; 128:756–66.

3) Tellez M, Kinner DG, Heimberg RG, et al. Prevalence and correlates of dental anxiety in patients seeking dental care. Community dentistry and oral epidemiology. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2015; 43(2):135‒42.

4) Roasted P. Introduction to acupuncture in dentistry. Br Dent J. 2000;189(3):136–140.

5) K. Boehm, A. Bussing, and T. Ostermann, “Aromatherapy as ¨ an adjuvant treatment in cancer care—a descriptive systematic review,” African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines, vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 503–518, 2012.

6) Young-Chang P. Arai, Takahiro Ushida, Tomoaki Osuga, et al. The effect of acupressure at the extra 1 point on subjective and autonomic responses to needle insertion. Anesth Analg. 2008; 107(2):661–664.

7) Ram D, Shapira J, Holan G, Magora F, Cohen S, Davidovich E. Audio-visual video eyeglass distraction during dental treatment in children. Quintessence Int. 2010 Sep;41(8):673-679.

8) Locker D, Thomson WM, Poulton R Psychological disorder, conditioning experiences, and the onset of dental anxiety in early adulthood. J Dent Res. 2001; 80:1588–1592.

9) Negin Masoudi Alavi. Effectiveness of acupressure to reduce pain in an intramuscular injection. Elsevier. 2007; 9:201- 205.

10) Borzou S R, Akbari S, Fallahinia G, Mahjub H. The Effect of Acupressure at the point of Hugo on pain severity of Needle Insertion in Arteriovenous Fistulas in Hemodialysis Patients. Nephro-Urol Mon. 2018 January; 10(1):142-52.

11) Noha Taymour, Amal Nawasrah, Mai El Zayat, Shimaa Rifaat. Evaluation of acupressure effect on reducing the need for dental injection in fixed prosthodontics. J Dent Health Oral Disord Ther. 2019;10(5):268‒270.

12) Hu WL, Chang CH, Hung YC, Shieh TY. Acupuncture anesthesia for complicated dental extractions in patients with lidocaine allergy. J Altern Complement Med. 2009; 15:1149-1152

13) Mehta P, Dhapte V, Kadam S, Dhapte V. Contemporary acupressure therapy: Adroit cure for painless recovery of therapeutic ailments. Journal of traditional and complementary medicine. 2017 1;7(2):251-263.

14) Taras I. Usichenko, Patrick Wolters, Eric F. Anders etal. Acupuncture Reduces Pain and Autonomic Distress During Injection of Local Anesthetic in Children. Clin J Pain. 2016; 32:82–86.

15) Costa RSM, Ribeiro SN, Cabral ED. Determinants of painful experience during dental treatment. Rev Dor. São Paulo 2012; 13:365-70.

16) Kaufman E, Joel E, Naveh E, et al. A Survey of pain, pressure, and discomfort Induced by commonly used oral local anesthesia injections. Anesth Prog. 2005;52(4):122-7.

17) Wong DL, Baker CM. Pain in children: comparison of assessment scales. Pediatr Nurs 1988; 14: 9-17.

18) Wright GZ, Weinberger SJ, Marti R, Plotzke O. The effectiveness of infiltration anesthesia in the mandibular primary molar region. Pediatr Dent 1991; 13: 278-83.

19) Hameed NN, Sargod SS, Bhat SS, Hegde SK, Bava MM. Effectiveness of precooling the injection site using tetrafluoromethane on pain perception in children. Journal of Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry. 2018 1;36(3):296.

20) Tandon S, Kalia G, Sharma M, Mathur R, Rathore K, Gandhi M. Comparative Evaluation of Mucosal Vibrator with Topical Anesthetic Gel to reduce Pain during Administration of Local Anesthesia in Pediatric Patients: An in vivo Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2018 Jul-Aug;11(4):261-265.

21) M M A, Khatri A, Kalra N, Tyagi R, Khandelwal D. Pain perception and efficacy of local analgesia using 2% lignocaine, buffered lignocaine, and 4% articaine in pediatric dental procedures. J Dent Anesth Pain Med. 2019;19(2):101-109.

22) Young-Chang P. Arai, Takahiro Ushida, Tomoaki Osuga, et al. The effect of acupressure at the extra 1 point on subjective and autonomic responses to needle insertion. Anesth Analg. 2008; 107(2):661–664.

23) Naik PN, Kiran RA, Yalamanchal S, Kumar VA, Goli S, Vashist N. Acupuncture: An Alternative Therapy in Dentistry and Its Possible Applications. Med Acupunct. 2014;26(6):308-314.

24) Arslan I, Aydinoglu S, Karan NB. Can lavender oil inhalation help to overcome dental anxiety and pain in children? A randomized clinical trial. Eur J Pediatr. 2020 Jun;179(6):985-992.

25) Ghaderi F, Solhjou N. The effects of lavender aromatherapy on stress and pain perception in children during dental treatment: A randomized clinical trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2020 Aug; 40:101182.