Public Value e-government Implementation: Evidence from Indonesia


1Moch. Lukmanul Hakim, 2Agus Rahayu, 3Eeng Ahman, 4Lili Adi Wibowo
1,2,3,4 Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia

Abstract

This study aims to identify the public value factors of the implementation of e-government in Indonesia from the perspective of government officials. To answer this objective, the results of a literature review from previous studies have been used that have identified six dimensions of public value and their respective factors. Survey data were collected from heads of government agencies in 33 province in Indonesia. The public value model is tested empirically through confirmatory factor analysis using structural equation modeling. The results showed that the crucial factors of public value e-government are: (1) increasing the quantity of information and public services ; (2) more responsive government operations ; (3) greater possibility of fairness, honesty, equality ; (4) better political possibilities and innovation ; (5) requesting good information for decision making; and (6) citizens have better access to government information and services. Research related to the public value of egovernment implementation has never been carried out in Indonesia, so this study makes a significant contribution as an initial step in the evaluation and development of e-government in Indonesia.

Keywords:

public value, e-government, public services value, improved administration value, improved social value

References:

1) Ahn, M. J., & Bretschneider, S. (2011). Recent Trends in Public Sector Technological Innovations. Public Administration Review, 71(3), 414–424.

2) Al-Busaidy, M., & Weerakkody, V. (2011). E-government services in Oman: An employee’s perspective. Electronic Government. https://doi.org/10.1504/EG.2011.039836

3) Al-Shuaili, S., Ali, M., Jaharadak, A. A., & Al-Shekly, M. (2019). An Investigate on the Critical Factors that can Affect the Implementation of E-government in Oman. Proceedings - 2019 IEEE 15th International Colloquium on Signal Processing and Its Applications, CSPA 2019, (March), 75–79. https://doi.org/10.1109/CSPA.2019.8695988

4) Alford, J., & Hughes, O. (2008). Public value pragmatism as the next phase of public management. American Review of Public Administration. https://doi.org/10.1177/0275074008314203

5) Alsaad, A. K., Yousif, K. J., & AlJedaiah, M. N. (2018). Collaboration: the key to gain value from IT in supply chain. EuroMed Journal of Business, 13(2), 214–235. https://doi.org/10.1108/EMJB-12-2017-0051

6) Avgerou, C. (2010). Chrisanthi Avgerou Discourses on ICT and development Article (Accepted version) (Refereed) Discourses on ICT and development. Information Technologies and International Development, 6, 1–18.

7) Bai, W. (2013). A Public Value Based Framework for Evaluating the Performance of e-Government in China. IBusiness, 05(03), 26–29. https://doi.org/10.4236/ib.2013.53b006

8) Bannister, F., & Connolly, R. (2014). ICT, public values and transformative government: A framework and programme for research. Government Information Quarterly, 31(1), 119–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2013.06.002

9) Bertot, J. C., Jaeger, P. T., & Grimes, J. M. (2010). Using ICTs to create a culture of transparency: E-government and social media as openness and anti-corruption tools for societies. Government Information Quarterly. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2010.03.001

10) Boughton, C. (2006). Maintaining democratic values in e-voting with eVACS®. Electronic Voting 2006 - 2nd International Workshop, (August), 181–190.

11) Bretschneider, S., & Bozeman, B. (1986). Adaptive diffusion models for the growth of robotics in New York state industry. Technological Forecasting and Social Change. https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-1625(86)90014-4

12) Caroline J. Tolbert, & Karen Mossberger. (2006). The Effects of E-Government on Trust and Confidence in Government. Public Administration Review, 66(3), 354–369.

13) Castelnovo, W. (2013). A stakeholder based approach to public value. Proceedings of the European Conference on EGovernment, ECEG.

14) Chircu, A. M. (2008). E-government evaluation: Towards a multidimensional framework. Electronic Government, 5(4), 345–363. https://doi.org/10.1504/EG.2008.019521

15) Chircu, A. M., & Lee, D. H. D. (2005). E-government: key success factors for value discovery and realisation. Electronic Government. https://doi.org/10.1504/EG.2005.006645

16) Cook, M., & Harrison, T. M. (2015). Using public value thinking for government IT planning and decision making: A case study. Information Polity, 20(2–3), 183–197. https://doi.org/10.3233/IP-150359

17) Cordella, A., & Bonina, C. M. (2012). A public value perspective for ICT enabled public sector reforms: A theoretical reflection. Government Information Quarterly. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2012.03.004

18) Dada, D. (2006). The Failure of E-Government in Developing Countries: A Literature Review. The Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries, 26(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1681-4835.2006.tb00176.x

19) Del Giudice, M., Garcia-Perez, A., Scuotto, V., & Orlando, B. (2019). Are social enterprises technological innovative? A quantitative analysis on social entrepreneurs in emerging countries. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 148(February), 119704. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2019.07.010

20) Deng, H., Karunasena, K., & Xu, W. (2018). Evaluating the performance of e-government in developing countries: A public value perspective. Internet Research. https://doi.org/10.1108/IntR-10-2016-0296

21) Faulkner, N., & Kaufman, S. (2018). Avoiding Theoretical Stagnation: A Systematic Review and Framework for Measuring Public Value. Australian Journal of Public Administration. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8500.12251

22) Frederickson, H. G. (1991). Toward a theory of the public for public administration. Administration & Society. https://doi.org/10.1177/009539979102200401

23) García-Sánchez, I.-M., Cuadrado-Ballesteros, B., & Frías-Aceituno, J.-V. (2012). Determinants of E-Government Development: Some Methodological Issues. Journal of Management and Strategy, 3(3), 11–20. https://doi.org/10.5430/jms.v3n3p11

24) Gil-García, J. R., & Pardo, T. A. (2005). E-government success factors: Mapping practical tools to theoretical foundations. Government Information Quarterly. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2005.02.001

25) Grimsley, M., & Meehan, A. (2007). e-Government information systems: Evaluation-led design for public value and client trust. European Journal of Information Systems, 16(2), 134–148. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.ejis.3000674

26) Gupta, M. P., & Jana, D. (2003). E-government evaluation: A framework and case study. Government Information Quarterly. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2003.08.002

27) Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis. Vectors. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.02.019

28) Hanna, N. K. (2010). Transforming Government and Building the Information Society: Challenges and Opportunities for the Developing World. In Transforming Government and Building the Information Society: Challenges and Opportunities for the Developing World.

29) Harrison, T. M., Guerrero, S., Burke, G. B., Cook, M., Cresswell, A., Helbig, N., … Pardo, T. (2011). Open government and e-government: Democratic challenges from a public value perspective. ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, 245–253. https://doi.org/10.1145/2037556.2037597

30) Heeks, R. (2008). Benchmarking e-Government: Improving the national and international measurement, evaluation and comparison of e-Government. In Evaluating Information Systems: Public and Private Sector. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780080570105

31) Heeks, Richard. (2003). i Government Development Projects Fail: Institute for Development Policy and Management, University of Manchester.

32) Heeks, Richard. (2005). e-Government as a carrier of context. Journal of Public Policy. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0143814X05000206

33) Hellang, Ø., & Flak, L. S. (2012). Assessing effects of eGovernment initiatives based on a public value framework. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Including Subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), 7443 LNCS, 246–259. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33489-4_21

34) Holzer, M., & Kim, S.-T. (2005). Digital governance in municipalities worldwide: A Longitudinal Assessment of Municipal Websites Throughout the World. In E-Governance Institute, National Center for Public Productivity.

35) Igbaria, M., Zinatelli, N., Cragg, P., & Cavaye, A. L. M. (1997). Personal computing acceptance factors in small firms: A structural equation model. MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems. https://doi.org/10.2307/249498

36) Jansen, A. (2012). The understanding of ICTs in public sector and its impact on governance. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Including Subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), 7443 LNCS, 174–186. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33489-4_15

37) Karkin, N., & Janssen, M. (2014). Evaluating websites from a public value perspective: A review of Turkish local government websites. International Journal of Information Management, 34(3), 351–363. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2013.11.004

38) Karunasena, K., & Deng, H. (2012). Critical factors for evaluating the public value of e-government in Sri Lanka. Government Information Quarterly, 29(1), 76–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2011.04.005

39) Karunasena, K., Deng, H., & Singh, M. (2011). Measuring the public value of e-government: A case study from Sri Lanka. Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy, 5(1), 81–99. https://doi.org/10.1108/17506161111114671

40) Khamallag, M. M., Kamala, M. A., & Tassabehji, R. (2017). The University of Bradford Institutional Repository The Prospects of E-government Implementation in Chaotic Environment – Government and Citizens ’ Perspectives - Case Study of Libya. 1st Conference of Industrial Technology ( CIT2017).

41) Lawson, G. (1998). Netstate. London: Demos.

42) Liu, J., Derzsi, Z., Raus, M., & Kipp, A. (2008). eGovernment project evaluation: An integrated framework. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Including Subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), 5184 LNCS, 85–97. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-85204-9_8

43) Mandelson, P. (1999). The digital government. Masters of the Wired World: Cyberspace Speaks Out, 318–323. London.

44) Mkude, C. G., & Wimmer, M. A. (2013). Strategic framework for designing e-government in developing countries. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Including Subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), 8074 LNCS, 148–162. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40358-3-13

45) Moore, M. (1994). PUBLIC VALUE AS THE FOCUS OF STRATEGY. Australian Journal of Public Administration. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8500.1994.tb01467.x

46) Moullin, M. (2017). Improving and evaluating performance with the Public Sector Scorecard. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPPM-06-2015-0092

47) Ndou, V. D. (2004). E - Government for Developing Countries: Opportunities and Challenges. The Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries, 18(1), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1681-4835.2004.tb00117.x

48) Norris, D. F., & Reddick, C. G. (2013). Local E-Government in the United States: Transformation or Incremental Change? Public Administration Review, 73(1), 165–175. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6210.2012.02647.x

49) Okong’o, K., & Kyobe, M. (2019). E-Governance as an Alternative Antecedent to a Lean Public Sector: Theory and Evidence. African Journal of Information Systems.

50) Omar, K., Scheepers, H., & Stockdale, R. (2011). eGovernment service quality assessed through the public value lens. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Including Subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), 6846 LNCS, 431–440. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22878-0_36

51) Osmani, M. W., Weerakkody, V., Sivarajah, U., & El-Haddadeh, R. (2014). The public value of social media in the UK public sector. Innovation and the Public Sector. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-429-9-276

52) Pang, M. S., Lee, G., & Delone, W. H. (2014). In public sector organisations: A public-value management perspective. Journal of Information Technology, 29(3), 187–205. https://doi.org/10.1057/jit.2014.2

53) Peled, A. (2001). Centralization or diffusion? Two tales of online government. Administration and Society. https://doi.org/10.1177/00953990122019622

54) Pirannejad, A. (2011). The effect of ICT on political development: A qualitative study of Iran. Information Development, 27(3), 186–195. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266666911414386

55) Prebble, M. (2015). Public Value and Limits to Collaboration. International Journal of Public Administration. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2014.949742

56) Raus, M., Liu, J., & Kipp, A. (2010). Evaluating IT innovations in a business-to-government context: A framework and its applications. Government Information Quarterly, 27(2), 122–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2009.04.007

57) Rose, J., Persson, J. S., & Heeager, L. T. (2015). How e-Government managers prioritise rival value positions: The efficiency imperative. Information Polity, 20(1), 35–59. https://doi.org/10.3233/IP-150349

58) Rose, J., Persson, J. S., Heeager, L. T., & Irani, Z. (2015). Managing e-Government: Value positions and relationships. Information Systems Journal, 25(5), 531–571. https://doi.org/10.1111/isj.12052

59) Sabani, A., Deng, H., & Thai, V. (2019). Evaluating the development of E-government in Indonesia. ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, 254–258. https://doi.org/10.1145/3305160.3305191

60) Santoro, G., Ferraris, A., & Winteler, D. J. (2019). Open innovation practices and related internal dynamics: case studies of Italian ICT SMEs. EuroMed Journal of Business, 14(1), 47–61. https://doi.org/10.1108/EMJB-05-2018-0031

61) Scott, M., Delone, W., & Golden, W. (2016). Measuring eGovernment success: A public value approach. European Journal of Information Systems, 25(3), 187–208. https://doi.org/10.1057/ejis.2015.11

62) Shareef, M. A., Archer, N., Kumar, V., & Kumar, U. (2010). Developing fundamental capabilities for successful egovernment implementation. International Journal of Public Policy, 6(3–4), 318–335. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJPP.2010.035133

63) Simon, H. A. (1997). The Psychology of Administrative Decisions. Administrative Behavior.

64) Skiftenes Flak, L., Dertz, W., Jansen, A., Krogstie, J., Spjelkavik, I., & Ølnes, S. (2009). What is the value of eGovernment – and how can we actually realize it? Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy. https://doi.org/10.1108/17506160910979333

65) Srivastava, S. C. (2011). Is e-government providing the promised returns?: A value framework for assessing e-government impact. Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy, 5(2), 107–113. https://doi.org/10.1108/17506161111131159

66) Stoker, G. (2006). Public value management: A new narrative for networked governance? American Review of Public Administration. https://doi.org/10.1177/0275074005282583

67) Twizeyimana, J. D., & Andersson, A. (2019). The public value of E-Government – A literature review. Government Information Quarterly, 36(2), 167–178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2019.01.001

68) Valle-Cruz, D. (2019). Public value of e-government services through emerging technologies. International Journal of Public Sector Management, 32(5), 473–488. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPSM-03-2018-0072

69) Wahyu Sulistya, A. Q., Bastian Sulistiyo, B., Aditya, F., Aritonang, I. D., Amos Simangunsong, S., Shihab, M. R., & Ranti, B. (2019). A case study of indonesian government digital transformation: Improving public service quality through Egovernment implementation. Proceedings - 2019 5th International Conference on Science and Technology, ICST 2019. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICST47872.2019.9166234

70) Wijanto, S. . (2008). structural equation modeling dengan LISREL 8.8.2 konsep dan tutorial. In structural equation modeling dengan LISREL 8.8.2 konsep dan tutorial.

71) Wirtz, B. W., & Nitzsche, P. (2013). Local level E-government in international comparison. Journal of Public Administration and Governance. https://doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v3i3.3907

72) Yeboah-Assiamah, E. (2016). Power to the People! How far has the Power Gone to the People? A Qualitative Assessment of Decentralization Practice in Ghana. Journal of Asian and African Studies. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021909614555349

73) Zhu, Y. Q., & Kindarto, A. (2016). A garbage can model of government IT project failures in developing countries: The effects of leadership, decision structure and team competence. Government Information Quarterly. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2016.08.002

74) Ziemba, E., Papaj, T., & Descours, D. (2014). Assessing the quality of e-government portals - The Polish experience. 2014 Federated Conference on Computer Science and Information Systems, FedCSIS 2014, 2, 1259–1267. https://doi.org/10.15439/2014F121

75) Ziemba, E., Papaj, T., & Jadamus-Hacura, M. (2016). Adopting state and local e-government: Empirical evidence from Poland. In Proceedings of the European Conference on e-Government, ECEG.